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An Overview on Family Law Court Orders

Published: July 26, 2021

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An Overview on Family Law Court Orders

Family is the basis for society, but sometimes things can get very tough within families too. This is why the family law courts are there. They are the final arbiter when things get too complicated for families to manage.

Specific rulings made by judges are called court orders, and these set out what particular parties in a case must do or must not do. The same is true for rulings in family law courts, as well. The judge’s rulings determine what actions both parties must take.   

Rulings of the Family court orders are most commonly made as a result of a trial or hearing, which takes place when two or more parties cannot agree upon an issue. So, the court order is essentially a final decision made on the case by a judge.   

If you and the other parties do come to an agreement on what you’d like the Family court order to stipulate, you’re able to request a consent order from the judge. Similarly, a separation agreement could also be produced. In either case, it’ll be based on this agreement.

Divorce

Marriage between two people is a celebrated institution that functions as the head of the family unit, allowing children to grow and flourish in society. However, sometimes this union breaks down, and the courts have to intervene. 

In Ontario, divorce proceedings are governed by the Federal Divorce Act. The Ontario courts have jurisdiction over a case when either spouse has been actually resident in the province for a minimum of twelve months directly before starting the case.    

This residency requirement is a question of fact, and the court will consider several factors here. These factors encompass whether the partner was a resident in the province as a regular mode of living, or whether the residence was occasional and casual. 

If the court deems that the spouse had the intention of making a permanent home in the province of Ontario, then the case will fall under the purview of Ontario’s family court system, and the case will be heard there. 

Marital Agreements 

Whether you are married, or not, or divorced, the law allows for parties to enter into domestic contracts pertaining to support and property rights. This means that at any stage of the marital arrangement, there are legal implications. 

If there’s a marriage contract from outside of Canada, it may be enforceable by Ontario courts, provided it meets the formal validity requirements that are set out in the Family Law Act, and does not contradict these requirements in any way. 

Conversely, if there are domestic contracts that concern Family court custody orders and access, they may not be enforced if the court decides that the stipulations contained in them are not in the best interests of the child, or children involved. 

Such domestic contracts may also be set aside by the court if it’s found that the parties didn’t make full disclosure of the relevant finances. This is also the case if parties didn’t fully understand the nature and terms of the contract when entering into it. 

Cohabitation and the Unmarried Family

In our modern context, there are myriad ways that folks choose to live together. Many of which are outside of the definition of traditional marriage and cohabitation. Ontario law makes provision for these cases as well. 

Under Ontario law, cohabitants have the right of support and can make equitable claims concerning their property. Unmarried cohabitants may not, however, have the right to equalization under law. 

Provided unmarried spouses have cohabited for not less than three years, they enjoy the protection of spousal support rights in Ontario. Thus, long-term unmarried spouses can make certain claims in court. 

For example, you could make common law property claims, or equitable claims for unjust enrichment, or other restitutionary claims and the resulting trust claims as well. 

More Information About Family Law Court Orders

Three Different Courts Dealing With Family Law
Parenting Time and Decision Making Responsibility
  • Joint parenting time and decision-making responsibility is when both parents or guardians are involved in (and responsible for) custody of a child after divorce. 
  • Sole parenting time and decision-making responsibility is when the courts give one parent complete responsibility. 
Divorce Application
  • Joint Divorce is where both parties apply for a dissolution of the marriage together. 
  • Simple Divorce is where one party applies for a divorce without the direct participation and agreement of the other. 

Child Support

These things are difficult, no doubt about it. The main thing in all of this has to be the children involved, and so the Ontario courts make certain that the focus is on what is in the best interests of relevant children before making Family law court orders.  

Therefore, if you’re a parent, you may claim child support on behalf of a child following separation, provided you are the child’s primary caregiver. This will also be the case where there’s a shared parenting agreement in place. 

Child support is not arbitrarily decided but is determined under the Child Support Guidelines. These guidelines calculate monthly child support based on parenting arrangements, income, and the number of children involved. 

Family Law Lawyers

The law has many areas of specialization and extensive training is essential to understand every ounce of it. It’s best to place your trust in lawyers who are adept and experienced at particular aspects of the law. 

If you’re considering filing a lawsuit, it’s important to seek advice from legal professionals before you do anything. You wouldn’t want to commit yourself to something you don’t intend or file poorly compiled documents.

It is in their best interest to seek out help from lawyers as they know what exactly needs to be done for each step of the proceedings. They are much familiar with the Family Law Rules and know how to deal with court notices and practice directions. 

You may think that your case is a relatively simple one, but the fact is that child custody cases are seldom straightforward. They are usually rather complex and challenging to navigate and require a great deal of experience and knowledge. 

Deciding to seek legal advice, and hiring a lawyer, is a very wise and sound decision in these matters. Notably, it’s advisable to hire a lawyer with specific expertise in this area of law. Gelman & Associates are experts in Family Law Court Orders. 

Written by Lisa Gelman

Senior Lawyer

Senior Lawyer Lisa Gelman has over 25 years of family law experience and founded Gelman & Associates to provide strategic legal counsel in family law matters concerning divorce, parenting, separation, and more.

Frequently Asked Questions - enforcement & modification orders

A restraining order in the context of family court is an order that prohibits the contact that one party can have with another. Based on the particulars of a given restraining order, it can prohibit direct and/or indirect contact, and require that the party against whom the restraining order has been taken out maintain a certain physical distance from the other party. In the family law context, a restraining order has to be requested by way of a motion brought at the court. The party seeking the order must provide affidavit evidence to substantiate the need for the restraining order. The party against whom the order is sought must likewise have an opportunity to argue his/her case, and to this end judges will usually ask that a motion for a restraining order be brought with notice to the other party.

If you believe that your restraining order is required immediately, you may bring an urgent, ex parte motion for same (ex parte means that the motion is brought without notice to the other party, who is not served with your motion materials and is not given notice that the motion will even be taking place). Because restraining orders can affect possession of the matrimonial home and parenting time, it is imperative that the party against whom the order is sought have the opportunity to make his or her own case. Accordingly, if a judge grants a restraining order brought on an urgent, ex parte motion, the judge will also order that the motion return in one week’s time so that the party against  whom the order has been granted may be  properly served with motions materials and  have an opportunity to defend the action.

Suppose one of the parents does not follow the court’s order. He or she may be called to court and explain why she wasn’t able to uphold the initial agreement. If his or her reason isn’t valid, the court may change the earlier deal, and it may favor the other parent.

Each province and territory in Canada has a maintenance enforcement program for family orders and agreements. Additionally, the federal government may refuse to issue a Canadian passport if the applicant is delinquent in child support payments. They also have the authority to garnish wages for the back payments owed. In the USA, the Office of Child Support Enforcement, which is part of the Administration for Children and Families in the Department of Health and Human Services, is now in charge of the federal child support enforcement program.

Ex parte motions provide an exemption to the principles of due process in emergencies by allowing you to petition the court without having to give notice or serve the other parties in your case. If the judge issues the ex parte order, it’s only for a limited time.

Yes, it is possible to change the initial terms of a separation agreement if you and your spouse agree to the changes and sign a written agreement to change the terms. If your spouse does not agree to change the terms, you can make a court application to change the separation agreement.

No matter what the circumstances surrounding your separation agreement are, our Toronto separation lawyers can help you make changes when you need to.

You can use this motion if you need to change your order. By filing this motion, you’re asking the court to change something in your final order. It would help if you showed that there has been a substantial change in circumstances since the last court order. You can’t file this motion just because you disagree with the order. You shouldn’t also file this motion too soon after the court releases the final order. If things have changed in your children’s lives, you can ask to modify the order based on those changes. Other samples you can change may include but not be limited to:

  • Spousal support
  • Decision-making issues for the children
  • Issues related to parenting time
  • Child support

If you deny court-approved parenting time, it could be a possibility. The court may find you in contempt. You may also have to compensate the other person for any lost parenting time or legal fees they had to pay to enforce the parenting arrangement.

If you get an order and want to change it, you first need to assess your relationship with the opposing party.
If you both agree, you can apply for a consent order and need not go to court. If you do not, you may seek help from mediators or counsellors who can help you talk things out. If you still do not agree after mediation, you will need to apply to the court to change the order.

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